- Open the mail. For yahoo see the lower portion of the E-Mail page
- Click on the full header...
- You see, you get the sender's Ip address.
- Now we have to find his location.
- For that...Push Here
- Now Enter the IP address Here.
- Now see him
Sometime we get some unwanted mail. Some of the mail contain some threat. Now I will show you how to trace the location of the mail sender.
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Today I want to introduce you with some network devices without whom we cannot use Internet.
Router:
Router is an intermediary device what we need to use only when we want t
o access another network.It has many types of ports
- Console: A console port is used to make a direct connection with a pc when we want to make a initial configuration.
- Ethernet: A network used to connect through a switch with the Ethernet port.
- Serial: Serial ports are used to make a connection with another router for connecting remote network.
- Aux: It is the port for modem and telnet operation.
Memory:
A router has four types of memory,
A router has four types of memory,
- Flash: Flash used to store a router's operating system (IOS).
- NVRAM: The initial configuration (i.e. with which router will turn on) is stored in NVRAM
- RAM: It stores the running operation just like a pc.
- ROM: It is the optical drive.
Operation:
When a user use to send a data or frame to a remote user with his IP address that time the sender use the router's MAC address as the destination address. And router has a routing table where it stores its know networks. When the data comes to the router, Router first open it's Header and search the destination IP. Then it try to match the network of the destination IP with the IP stored in it's routing table. A router can be connected with severa
l router/network. If the destination IP's network is known then it forward the frame to the destination network. The router make logical 'AND' operation with subnet mask and the IP to find the network address. If the Ip does not match with its routing table it forward frame to a possible next hop or drop the packet. Router devides the broadcast domain and it is not a collision domain.
Without a router it is not possible to connect with remote host as well as to the internet.
Switch:
Switch is also an intermediary device. It has several ports. The ports can be used to connect both network device and host pc.
Switches divide collision domain. Switch does broadcast a signal or data. It only broadcast the ACK and ARP signal. ARP (Address Resulation Protocol) signal is sent when a sender know only the IP address of the receiver and does not know the receiver's MAC address.
All ports of the switch can be configured separately. It is possible to give higher speed to an individual port. We can extend our network with a switch just adding a hub or patch panel.
Hub:
A hub is like a switch but there is a great difference. A switch is a collision domain. It broadcast all the signal without ACK. Hub has no control over the it's port's. It devides the full bandwidth. So performance degrades here. As it use to broadcast all things so it make a great traffic.
Wireless Access Point:
The operation of a wireless access point is like a hub but the differences is
When a user use to send a data or frame to a remote user with his IP address that time the sender use the router's MAC address as the destination address. And router has a routing table where it stores its know networks. When the data comes to the router, Router first open it's Header and search the destination IP. Then it try to match the network of the destination IP with the IP stored in it's routing table. A router can be connected with severa
l router/network. If the destination IP's network is known then it forward the frame to the destination network. The router make logical 'AND' operation with subnet mask and the IP to find the network address. If the Ip does not match with its routing table it forward frame to a possible next hop or drop the packet. Router devides the broadcast domain and it is not a collision domain.Without a router it is not possible to connect with remote host as well as to the internet.
Switch:
Switch is also an intermediary device. It has several ports. The ports can be used to connect both network device and host pc.
Switches divide collision domain. Switch does broadcast a signal or data. It only broadcast the ACK and ARP signal. ARP (Address Resulation Protocol) signal is sent when a sender know only the IP address of the receiver and does not know the receiver's MAC address.
All ports of the switch can be configured separately. It is possible to give higher speed to an individual port. We can extend our network with a switch just adding a hub or patch panel.
Hub:
A hub is like a switch but there is a great difference. A switch is a collision domain. It broadcast all the signal without ACK. Hub has no control over the it's port's. It devides the full bandwidth. So performance degrades here. As it use to broadcast all things so it make a great traffic.
Wireless Access Point:
The operation of a wireless access point is like a hub but the differences is
- It has no direct connection with host i.e. wireless.
- It broadcast all the signal it get.
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