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The Basic Network Device (Router, Hub, Switch)

thebond


Today I want to introduce you with some network devices without whom we cannot use Internet.


Router:

Router is an intermediary device what we need to use only when we want to access another network.
It has many types of ports
  • Console: A console port is used to make a direct connection with a pc when we want to make a initial configuration.
  • Ethernet: A network used to connect through a switch with the Ethernet port.
  • Serial: Serial ports are used to make a connection with another router for connecting remote network.
  • Aux: It is the port for modem and telnet operation.
Memory:

A router has four types of memory,
  • Flash: Flash used to store a router's operating system (IOS).
  • NVRAM: The initial configuration (i.e. with which router will turn on) is stored in NVRAM
  • RAM: It stores the running operation just like a pc.
  • ROM: It is the optical drive.
Operation:

When a user use to send a data or frame to a remote user with his IP address that time the sender use the router's MAC address as the destination address. And router has a routing table where it stores its know networks. When the data comes to the router, Router first open it's Header and search the destination IP. Then it try to match the network of the destination IP with the IP stored in it's routing table. A router can be connected with several router/network. If the destination IP's network is known then it forward the frame to the destination network. The router make logical 'AND' operation with subnet mask and the IP to find the network address. If the Ip does not match with its routing table it forward frame to a possible next hop or drop the packet. Router devides the broadcast domain and it is not a collision domain.

Without a router it is not possible to connect with remote host as well as to the internet.


Switch:

Switch is also an intermediary device. It has several ports. The ports can be used to connect both network device and host pc.



Switches divide collision domain. Switch does broadcast a signal or data. It only broadcast the ACK and ARP signal. ARP (Address Resulation Protocol) signal is sent when a sender know only the IP address of the receiver and does not know the receiver's MAC address.
All ports of the switch can be configured separately. It is possible to give higher speed to an individual port. We can extend our network with a switch just adding a hub or patch panel.

Hub:

A hub is like a switch but there is a great difference. A switch is a collision domain. It broadcast all the signal without ACK. Hub has no control over the it's port's. It devides the full bandwidth. So performance degrades here. As it use to broadcast all things so it make a great traffic.

Wireless Access Point:

The operation of a wireless access point is like a hub but the differences is
  1. It has no direct connection with host i.e. wireless.
  2. It broadcast all the signal it get.
So it creates greater traffic then a hub and performance degrades too much here.


Category: 6 comments

Can you write a speech in a perfect way...?

thebond
In your every sphere of life you need to give some Introduction. Sometime you need to talk about yourself sometime about some product...and many more.
Some University like Daffodil International University has a rule to take a presentation on a subject related topic. Here you need to know how can you do well and get the full mark.
I have arranged and collect some tips for you which will tell you How you can do this perfectly...
  • Step 1

    Assess how much time your speech should take. If you don't have a time limit, try to keep your speech brief yet informative.

  • Step 2

    Think about your audience and let your perception of the audience shape the tone of your speech as you write it.

  • Step 3

    Begin with an introduction that establishes who you are, what your purpose is, what you'll be talking about and how long you're going to take. You may want to include a joke, anecdote or interesting fact to grab the audience's attention.

  • Step 4

    Organize your information into three to seven main points and prioritize them according to importance and effectiveness.

  • Step 5

    Delete points that aren't crucial to your speech if you have too many for your time frame.

  • Step 6

    Start with your most important point, then go to your least important point and move slowly back toward the most important. For example, if you have five points with No. 5 being the most important and No. 1 being the least important, your presentation order would be 5-1-2-3-4.

  • Step 7

    Add support to each point using statistics, facts, examples, anecdotes, quotations or other supporting material.

  • Step 8

    Link your introduction, points and conclusions together with smooth transitions.

  • Step 9
Write a conclusion that summarizes each of your points, restates your main purpose and leaves the audience with a lasting impression.

CAUTION
  • The introduction should make up about 10 to 15 percent of the total speech. The conclusion should make up 5 to 10 percent.
  • When preparing your speech, make your notes easy to read by writing or printing them in large, clear letters.
  • Rehearse and time your speech before delivering it. Prune it if necessary. If you'll be presenting a great deal of information, consider using handouts or visual aids to help your audience remember your points
Category: 2 comments

"I'll break it in half and stick it up your ass"

thebond

Nila was not the best student in University. Usually she slept through class. One day the teacher called on him while she was Sleeping, "Tell me Nila, who created the universe?" When Nila didn't woke up, Badhon, a boy seated in the chair behind her, took a pin and jabbed her in the hip.

"Ohh,God" shouted Nila and the teacher said, "Very good" and Nila fell back asleep.

A while later the teacher asked Nila, "Who is our Lord and Saviour." But, Nila didn't even woke up from her sleep. Once again, Badhon came to the rescue and stuck her again.

"Uhh, God" shouted Nila and the teacher said, "Very good," and Nila fell back asleep.

Then the teacher asked Nila a third question. "What did Haoya say to Adam after she had her twenty-third child?" and again, Badhon jabbed her with the pin.

This time Nila jumped up and shouted, "If you stick me with that thing one more time, I'll break it in half and stick it up your ass!"

... the teacher fainted!


Don't forget to make a comment.
Category: 0 comments

Jealous

thebond
Sometime I become very jealous on you,
Why you are so lucky...?
How you are so lucky...?
Same God, Same earth, same light and air
you are lucky but I am not here.
Sometime I become very jealous on you,
cause, you can fulfill your wish but I am not.
Every time I think about you all
I do not get any end of the think.
Can you tell me how...

Some time my mind tell me
you also will be some day.

But some time some matter make upset
and destroy my hope dream and inspiration.

What ever I will fell jealous
every time greater.
I wanna go ahead depending on my jealousy.
I hope God will help me.
Category: 1 comments
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